First two paragraph of Chapter 2 of a booklet titled "Primary Health Care Systems - Comprehensive Case Study from Mongolia":

"Mongolia has 3 million inhabitants, with a very low population density. About 68% of the population lives in urban areas. The average annual population growth rate is about 2%, and the life expectancy at birth had reached 69.89 years (male 66.02, female 75.84) by 2015. Mongolia is situated in Central Asia and is a landlocked country bordered by China to the south and the Russian Federation to the north. The total territory covers 1 566 600 square kilometres, ranking it 19th in the world in terms of territorial size. Mongolia is a country of ancient nomadic traditions, and 32% of the population is still engaged in animal husbandry and inhabits the vast grasslands.

Mongolia is a lower middle-income country. The main economic activities include mining and agriculture, and the economy is therefore vulnerable to external commodity price fluctuations. A rise in commodity prices generates an increase in country earnings, with positive impacts on social sector recurrent and capital outlay allocations. In 2010–2014, about 37% of the government general revenue was allocated to capital investment, and the ratio of budget revenue to investment was 1:1.77. In 1995, Mongolia’s Gini coefficient (measuring inequality) was 0.33, declining by 0.1 to 0.32 in 2015."

Primary Health Care Systems Comprehensive Case Study from Mongolia (WHO)