"Turkestan, also spelled Turkistan (Persian: ترکستان, romanized: Torkestân, lit. 'Land of the Turks'), is a historical region in Central Asia corresponding to the regions of Transoxiana and Xinjiang.
Known as Turan to the Persians, western Turkestan has also been known historically as Sogdiana, "Ma wara'u'n-nahr" (by its Arab conquerors), and Transoxiana by Western travelers. The latter two names refer to its position beyond the River Oxus when approached from the south, emphasizing Turkestan's long-standing relationship with Iran, the Persian Empires, and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates.
Oghuz Turks (also known as Turkmens), Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Khazars, Kyrgyz, Hazara and Uyghurs are some of the Turkic inhabitants of the region who, as history progressed, have spread further into Eurasia forming such Turkic nations as Turkey, and subnational regions like Tatarstan in Russia and Crimea in Ukraine. Tajiks and Russians form sizable non-Turkic minorities.
It is subdivided into Afghan Turkestan and Russian Turkestan in the West, and East Turkestan in the East."
(from Wikipedia)
Information about the author of the book "Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion", available below, is provided here. This may help readers to better evaluate the contents of the book.
"Vasily Vladimirovich Bartold (Russian: Васи́лий Влади́мирович Барто́льд, Polish: Wasilij Władimirowicz Bartołd, German: Wilhelm Barthold, also known as Wilhelm Barthold; 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1869 – 19 August 1930) was a Russian Empire and Soviet historian of German descent who specialized in the history of Islam and the Turkic peoples (Turkology).
Bartold's lectures at the University of Saint Petersburg were annually interrupted by extended field trips to Muslim countries. In the two volumes of his dissertation (Turkestan down to the Mongol Invasion, 1898-1900), he pointed out the many benefits the Muslim world derived from Mongol rule after the initial conquests. Bartold was the first to publish obscure information from the early Arab historians on Kievan Rus'. He also edited several scholarly journals of Muslim studies, and contributed extensively to the first edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam. In 1913, he was elected to the Russian Academy of Sciences. In February 1917 he was appointed to the Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia.
After the Russian Revolution, Bartold was appointed director of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography, a post he held from 1918 to 1921. He wrote three authoritative monographs on the history of Islam, namely Islam (1918), Muslim Culture (1918) and The Muslim World (1922). He also contributed to the development of Cyrillic writing for the Muslim countries of Central Asia.
Most of his writings were translated in English, Arabic, and Persian. Bartold's collected works were reprinted in 9 volumes between 1963 and 1977, and whilst Soviet editors added footnotes deploring his 'bourgeois' attitudes, his prestige was such that the text was left uncensored, despite not conforming to a Marxist interpretation of history. Some of his works have been reprinted more recently in Moscow."
(from Wikipedia)
Turkestan Down to the Mongol Invasion (file size: about 16 MB)