First paragraph of the Preface of a report titled "Climate Change Profile of Pakistan":

"Pakistan has faced catastrophic floods, droughts, and cyclones in recent years that have killed and displaced thousands, destroyed livelihoods, and damaged infrastructure. Climate change raises the prospect that these and other natural hazards will increase in frequency and severity in the coming decades—a stark reminder that Pakistan is one of the countries most vulnerable to the effects of climate change."

Climate Change Profile of Pakistan

First paragraph of the Executive Summary of a report titled "The Indus Basin of Pakistan The Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture":

"This study, The Indus Basin of Pakistan: The Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture, was undertaken at a pivotal time in the region. The weak summer monsoon in 2009 created drought conditions throughout the country. This followed an already tenuous situation for many rural households faced with high fuel and fertilizer costs and the impacts of rising global food prices. Then catastrophic monsoon flooding in 2010 affected over 20 million people, devastating their housing, infrastructure, and crops. Damages from this single flood event were estimated at US$10 billion (ADB and World Bank 2010), half of which were losses in the agriculture sector. Notwithstanding the debate as to whether these observed extremes are evidence of climate change, an investigation is needed regarding the extent to which the country is resilient to these shocks. It is thus timely, if not critical, to focus on climate risks for water, agriculture, and food security in the Indus Basin of Pakistan."

The Indus Basin of Pakistan The Impacts of Climate Risks on Water and Agriculture